How the West Was Won — With Guns and Gun Control

Jane Jewell • October 24, 2023


Americans today argue loudly and vehemently over gun rights versus gun regulations. And many gun-rights advocates believe that they are fighting against the erosion of gun rights that have existed since America began. They frequently point to the so-called Wild West era as proof of those rights and a model for how things should be.

 

Most of these proofs, however, are fictions and myths, not history. Dime novels, Wild West shows, and stories around the campfire have created and perpetuated images of exciting adventures in the Wild West. Movies and television have brought the action, characters, and lonely western landscapes to life for millions.

 

These are tales of rare and exaggerated events. Most often, the incidents never happened. For example, there were few duels when two men faced each other on a dusty, wind-swept street as frightened townsfolk raced for shelter and the shooters’ pals leaned out of windows and doors to watch. Yet the legends, movies, and magazines make it seem as if such were everyday scenarios.

 

Shoot outs, saloon brawls, cattle rustling, Indian wars, train robberies, and posses in pursuit of fugitives — yes, all those happened, but with far less frequency than Hollywood would have you believe. There was violence and crime in the Old West, but when and where gun laws were enforced, there was significantly less violence. Such laws were sometimes ignored or applied selectively, but that is also true today.

 

Many Old West towns had stricter gun (and knife) regulations than do modern ones. Policies for "open-carry” and permit-less concealed-carry by anyone are now legal in cities that prohibited such in the 1800s. And one of the main arguments for this absence of regulations is the false assertion that that’s the way it used to be.

 

Those pushing for fewer or no gun regulations believe the Constitution and American history support their views.

 

Let’s look at that claim.

 

The United States of America was created in 1789 when its Constitution was adopted. One of the new government’s first acts was to consider a dozen constitutional amendments, and 10 became the Bill of Rights in 1791.

 

The Second Amendment has become controversial in large part because of the misreading and mythologizing of history, of the Wild West. It states that:

 

A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

 

When the Constitution was written, “militia” meant informal or official groups of residents organized into military units to protect their communities. Local militia units took the place of a standing army and were similar in organization and function to today’s National Guard.

 

A major problem now is that hard-core proponents of “no-gun-laws-at-all” refuse to account for the phrase, “a well-regulated militia.”

 

Supreme Court decisions in the 1800s stated that the right of citizens to bear arms did not prevent state and local government from imposing reasonable rules on where, when, and how firearms could be used (i.e., “well-regulated”).

 

What were typical gun laws in the Old West?

 

Openly carrying guns and knives in most populated areas was generally illegal.

 

In Tombstone, Arizona, for example, in the 1880s, no one — not residents or visitors — was allowed to carry a weapon. Visitors were required to turn their guns in at the local police station or another designated location, such as a hotel. Upon leaving, their weapon was returned. Abilene, Deadwood, and Dodge City had similar laws.

 

In 1878, when Dodge City, Kansas, was incorporated, the first city law banned the carrying of guns in town.

 

Even before the Wild West era, many Eastern and Southern states enacted strict gun control laws. In 1812, Louisiana and Kentucky outlawed concealed weapons. Soon after that, carrying concealed weapons became a frequent cause for arrest, along with drunkenness and disorderly conduct.

 

Granted, there was much lawlessness and violence in new or transient frontier towns with many single men. However, despite dime-novel legends and glamorized Hollywood movies, many towns had stricter gun laws than today, and those that enforced strong gun-control had less violence and crime than those without.

 

While there were only a few Supreme Court cases concerning the Second Amendment in the 1800s, its decisions almost always supported the right of federal, state, and local governments to regulate firearms. This was true for most of the gun-related court decisions during the 1900s as well.

 

It is only in recent decades that the Supreme Court has tended to rule against gun-control legislation. Even now, there are gun restrictions which recent Supreme Court decisions have declared valid or declined to review — thus leaving those gun restrictions on the books.

 

Under the Second Amendment, is it constitutional for a citizen to “bear arms” without being a member of “a well-regulated miitia”? The answer has yet to be found for this practical, commonsense question, but needs to be, quickly.

 

 

Sources and More Information:

Pierre M. Atlas, “American gun culture is based on frontier mythology – but ignores how common gun restrictions were in the Old West,” June 29, 2022, The Conversation. 

https://theconversation.com/american-gun-culture-is-based-on-frontier-mythology-but-ignores-how-common-gun-restrictions-were-in-the-old-west-184932

 

History.com editors, “All Amendments to the US Constitution,” July 17, 2023.

https://www.history.com/topics/united-states-constitution/amendments-us-constitution

 

Matt Jancer, “Gun Control Is as Old as the Old West,” February 5, 2018, Smithsonian Magazine.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/gun-control-old-west-180968013/

 

Greg Price, “Second Amendment History: Biggest Supreme Court Cases to Affect Gun Control,” March 27, 2018, Newsweek. https://www.newsweek.com/scotus-second-amendment-cases-gun-control-861959

 

Marshall Trimble, “Did Most Old West Towns Have ‘No Carry. Gun Laws?” True West Magazine, Jan 5, 2018.

https://truewestmagazine.com/article/did-most-old-west-towns-have-no-carry-gun-laws/

 

Adam Winkler, Gunfight: The Battle Over the Right to Bear Arms in America, W. W. Norton & Company, 2011.

 

 

Jane Jewell is a writer, editor, photographer, and teacher. She has worked in news, publishing, and as the director of a national writer's group. She lives in Chestertown with her husband Peter Heck, a ginger cat named Riley, and a lot of books.

 

Common Sense for the Eastern Shore

By CSES Staff September 17, 2025
Easton pastor Daniel Omar Fuentes Espinal, who was detained by federal immigration officials earlier this summer and later released, now has a court date set before a federal immigration judge, according to newly filed records. Fuentes Espinal, 54, has led Iglesia del Nazareno Jesus Te Ama since 2015 and is widely regarded by neighbors and local officials as a respected community leader. In July, he was arrested by U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE), which alleged he overstayed his visa by 25 years after arriving from Honduras. The arrest drew swift reaction from across Maryland. Lawmakers and community members questioned why Fuentes Espinal was detained, noting he had no criminal record. Rep. Glenn Ivey and Sen. Sarah Elfreth reported at the time that his family had not seen him since the arrest, had only limited contact, and feared he would be deported. After weeks of uncertainty, Fuentes Espinal was released on August 15 and reunited with his family. “My family and I are very thankful for all of you,” he said. “I’m very happy to be home with my family and my community. I want to say thank you, thank you, thank you, and God bless everyone.” Friends of the family say he is now working toward legal citizenship, but his case remains unresolved. Federal court records show his first hearing is scheduled for March 31, 2026, in Baltimore. The proceeding, known as a master calendar hearing, marks the initial stage in removal cases. Immigration judges use the session to explain rights and responsibilities to those appearing before the court. According to ICE, if Fuentes Espinal fails to appear, he could be ordered to leave the country. For now, the pastor continues his ministry in Easton, awaiting what is likely to be a lengthy legal process.
By Jan Plotczyk September 17, 2025
On Sept. 11, a group of ultraright House Republicans delivered a letter to House leadership demanding the formation of a select committee on “the money, influence, and power behind the radical left’s assault on America and the rule of law.” Twenty-three reactionary members of Congress signed the letter, including some of the most extreme right-wingers in the House of Representatives. Among the signers is our own First District congressman, Andrew P. Harris, who’s added his voice to the cacophony demanding that something be done about the so-called left-wing threat to America. The letter was composed quickly after last week’s sniper murder of Charlie Kirk, a right-wing podcaster and campus provocateur. It presents a rationalization for investigating the finances of left-wing organizations and persons by blaming them not only for Kirk’s violent death, but for all manner of other problems ills in the country today: Many attacks on “our way of life” Sustained breakdown of law and order Open borders that allow “illegal aliens” to victimize law-abiding Americans Murders of innocent Americans, prominent and unknown alike Assassination attempts of GOP politicians The solution proposed in the letter is to “follow the money” by investigating such persons and groups as George Soros, the Wren Collective, the Southern Poverty Law Center, the U.N., and radicals and organizations suspected of financing the concerted effort to destroy MAGA America. They want to trace the money that, they claim without evidence, funds “the NGOs, donors, media, public officials, and all entities driving this coordinated attack.” But moderate observers and commentators see a broader aim — the end of free speech when the speaker disagrees with the views of the current ruling party. As expressed by Democracy Docket , a digital news platform, “The Trump administration’s rhetoric around Kirk’s murder and its attempt to link it to progressive causes and groups has raised fears it seeks to use the killing as false justification to further crack down on political speech and opposition politics in the U.S.” Harris and the other letter signers have joined a loud and strident chorus of alt-right voices demanding “justice” by dismantling the liberal and left organizations that they claim are fomenting violence. Also on Sept. 11, President Trump told reporters , "We have radical left lunatics out there and we just have to beat the hell out of them." On Sept. 15, Vice President Vance called for the mass doxing of anyone celebrating Kirk’s murder. “Call them out. Hell, call their employer.” A growing number of companies are terminating and suspending employees for posting messages critical of Charlie Kirk on social media. Stephen Miller , Trump’s deputy chief of staff for policy, referred to the Democratic Party as “a vast domestic terror movement” responsible for Kirk’s murder. He said the administration would target those who are “paying for violence.” “With God as my witness, we are going to use every resource we have at the Department of Justice, Homeland Security, and throughout this government to identify, disrupt, dismantle, and destroy these networks and make America safe again for the American people,” Miller vowed in the Oval Office. “I don’t care how — it could be a RICO charge, a conspiracy charge, conspiracy against the United States, insurrection — but we are going to do what it takes to dismantle the organizations and the entities,” he added. The average American realizes that this sort of language is dangerous. A Reuters/Ipsos poll conducted after Kirk’s murder found that most Americans are worried about political violence and partisan divisions: 63% said the way Americans talk about political issues does "a lot" to encourage violence. 79% said people are less tolerant of opposing viewpoints than they were 20 years ago. 66% said they were concerned over the prospect of violence committed against people in their community because of their political beliefs. 71% said that “American society is broken.” Read the right-wingers’ letter and judge it for yourself:
By CSES Staff September 17, 2025
Following a jury trial in Somerset County Circuit Court, Princess Anne Town Commissioner Lionel Frederick was convicted on Sept. 10 of unlawful possession of a firearm and ammunition. A former Town Commission president, Frederick was indicted last April in connection with an October 2024 incident in which investigators alleged he had a shotgun in his home. Because of a 2019 conviction for second-degree assault, considered a crime of violence, Frederick was banned from owning or possessing firearms under Maryland law. During Wednesday’s trial, Frederick — as the sole defense witness — testified he did not realize his earlier conviction barred him from keeping the shotgun. He said the weapon had been purchased legally more than 10 years ago and that he had never been told to surrender it. Prosecutors countered that the restriction was clear. The county State’s Attorney’s office produced a probation order from 2019 that prohibited Frederick from having a gun without court authorization. Frederick questioned the authenticity of his signature on the document, going so far as to suggest, “It’s Somerset County. I wouldn’t put it past this court.” After the three-hour trial, jurors deliberated for 30 minutes before finding Frederick guilty on both counts, one a felony for illegal firearm possession and the other a misdemeanor for possessing ammunition unlawfully. Frederick’s sentencing is scheduled for Oct. 2 before Judge Leah Seaton.
By CSES Staff September 17, 2025
Salisbury Mayor Randy Taylor’s administration has suffered another setback in court after the city failed in its attempt to block developer Mentis from privatizing the downtown parking lot known as Lot 10. In February 2023, the city sold Lot 10 to Mentis with the understanding that the property would remain a municipal lot until the developer was ready to begin construction of its hotel and conference center. This summer, Mentis announced its intent to convert Lot 10 to a private lot and to collect its own parking revenue. Taylor’s administration responded on Aug. 19 by filing for a temporary restraining order and injunction, claiming Mentis had breached its agreement by attempting to take control of the lot without obtaining the necessary permits. The city argued that public access should remain until redevelopment officially began. On Sept. 12, Wicomico Co. Circuit Court Judge Leah Seaton rejected the city’s request, ruling that Salisbury had failed to prove “irreparable harm,” a necessary condition for an injunction. The ruling means that Mentis is now free to collect parking fees from Lot 10, while taxpayers are left footing the bill for a failed legal maneuver. Critics say Taylor misplayed the case Residents and downtown stakeholders have accused the Taylor administration of mishandling the dispute and wasting public money. Rather than negotiating directly with Mentis or resolving the funding agreement for the redevelopment project, the mayor opted for an aggressive legal strategy, which ended in defeat. “This administration keeps charging ahead with lawsuits it cannot win,” one downtown business owner said. “Meanwhile, the city burns through taxpayer dollars, and we’re no closer to seeing real progress on the hotel and conference center.” Developer signals willingness to proceed Mentis officials, for their part, said the project can move forward if the city finalizes the sub-recipient agreement needed to release grant funding. “If we can get the city to move forward with the sub-recipient agreement, and that opens up the grant funding flowing to the project, we will continue to move forward with the hotel and conference center,” said Mentis’ Nick Simpson. Taylor points fingers Pushing back, the mayor argued that the developer needs to secure financing, site plans, and construction approvals before the project can advance — materials that have already been provided to the city. But to many observers, the back-and-forth underscores a larger problem: a stalled project that continues to pit City Hall against its private partners, with little to show for years of promises. A hearing on the remaining disputes is scheduled for December, but critics say the damage has been done. The court ruling leaves Mentis in control of Lot 10’s parking revenue and the city with another legal bill, raising questions about whether Salisbury’s mayor is fighting the right battles and how many more tax increases city residents will endure to pay for these legal battles.
By CSES Staff September 17, 2025
Tenants of a dangerous, code-violating, bat-, rat-, roach-, and mold-infested apartment complex in Prince George’s County will collect an $11.2 million settlement against the owners and operators of the complex. Maryland Attorney General Anthony G. Brown announced the landmark settlement with Heather Hill Apartments after allegations that the property collected rent without a valid license, dodged code inspections, and tried to evict hundreds of tenants. The settlement is the largest restitution ever obtained by the AG’s Consumer Protection Division in a landlord-tenant case. It will provide debt forgiveness, credits, and cash payments to tenants who paid rent while Heather Hill was unlicensed and requires the company to dismiss pending eviction cases tied to that period. “This settlement provides relief for hundreds of Maryland families who were forced to pay rent while some lived in unsafe conditions,” Brown said. “My office will always hold landlords accountable when they put profits over people’s safety.” The company faces three more lawsuits. Broader implications across Maryland While the Heather Hill case is centered in Prince George’s County, housing advocates note that the issues it raises — unlicensed properties, unsafe living conditions, and tenants struggling without recourse — are not confined to one region. On the Eastern Shore, where affordable housing is limited and oversight often inconsistent, tenant advocates have warned of similar problems. Aging multi-family housing in Salisbury, Cambridge, and Crisfield has drawn complaints about weak code enforcement and unsafe conditions. The Heather Hill settlement underscores that the state will step in when landlords fail to comply with licensing laws. For Shore renters, the precedent could mean stronger accountability in local housing markets, which have long marked shortages and rising costs. Connection to statewide reforms The action also comes just days after Gov. Wes Moore signed his Housing Starts Here executive order to accelerate the construction of affordable homes statewide. Together, the order and the Heather Hill settlement reflect a two-pronged strategy: building more housing while holding existing landlords accountable. For Shore communities, where new housing and stronger enforcement are badly needed, the Heather Hill case signals that state officials are paying closer attention to the conditions renters face, not only in the urban core, but across the state.
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By Gren Whitman September 17, 2025
The Maryland Board of Public Works has approved $13 million in grants from the Department of Natural Resources for local governments and land trusts to support community centers, parks, and land conservation projects in 16 counties, including several on the Eastern Shore. In addition to local recreation projects, the board approved $3.2 million in Rural Legacy funding for conservation easements that permanently limit development to protect farms, waterways, and natural habitats. Among the Eastern Shore investments: Talbot County will receive funding for a new softball field at the Home Run Baker Sports Complex. Caroline County is approved to install new playground equipment at Jesse Sutton Memorial Park in Greensboro. Worcester County will receive funds to build new restrooms at Sturgis Park in Snow Hill. The Eastern Shore Land Conservancy will get an award to protect two adjoining properties in Caroline County, covering 220 acres, and safeguarding 7,400 feet of forested stream buffers along tributaries of the Choptank River and preserving scenic views near Preston. In Dorchester County’s Harriet Tubman Rural Legacy Area, the Conservation Fund will secure an easement on a 121-acre farm, preserving historic landscapes along public roads tied to Tubman’s story and protecting valuable agricultural land. “These projects are about building stronger, healthier communities,” Gov. Wes Moore said during the meeting, underscoring the administration’s focus on expanding recreational opportunities and conserving Maryland’s natural resources. The DNR noted that similar projects were approved in counties across Maryland, ranging from new playgrounds and sports facilities to strategic farmland preservation. Officials emphasized that the funding supports immediate community needs and long-term environmental protections. “These grants reflect our dual mission, creating vibrant spaces for Marylanders today while ensuring our land and water resources are protected for generations to come,” DNR Secretary Josh Kurtz said. As a community organizer, journalist, administrator, project planner/manager, and consultant, Gren Whitman has led neighborhood, umbrella, public interest, and political committees and groups, and worked for civil rights and anti-war organizations.
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