Maryland Celebrates Harriet Tubman’s Place in State History
Maryland is revisiting the history of Harriet Tubman following former Gov. Larry Hogan’s decision last spring to dedicate 2022 to the renowned Underground Railroad conductor, which many scholars say is an opportunity to inspire young people.
“When it comes to the education curriculum, African American history is still marginalized,” said Chanel Compton, executive director of the Banneker-Douglass Museum in Annapolis. “It’s just as integral as math and science, and we’re really not there yet.”
According to a national poll conducted by Quinnipiac University in February 2022, 27% of adults in the United States reported learning a “full and accurate account of the role of African Americans in the United States” in school, compared with 66% who said their teachings “fell short” when it came to African American studies.
The U.S. has for decades erased the history of marginalized communities via inaccurate or inadequate education, but advocates’ efforts to preserve their past have persisted.
For years, historically Black colleges and universities, civil rights activists, and African American museums have promoted their stories and contributions to American history, Compton said, “and with each new generation, we’re building on that momentum.”
The Banneker-Douglass Museum has seen an uptick in public engagement in person and online, which Compton credits to Hogan’s proclamation that 2022 is “The Year of Harriet Tubman.”
“You see these young students of diverse backgrounds getting involved in social justice movements having discussions around racial equality in the classroom and homes,” Compton said. “We need to support that as an institution and fill in those gaps.”
Historians in Maryland are thrilled to see one of the state’s — and the nation’s — most important figures celebrated for her death-defying efforts to lead slaves to freedom. It’s long overdue, some say, especially because there are many people who are unfamiliar with Tubman’s story.
Born in the early 1820s on the Eastern Shore, Tubman spent her youth as a house servant, enslaved along with her parents and eight siblings on a plantation in Dorchester County. Terrified of seeing her family separated by slave auctions after their master died, Tubman fled to Pennsylvania in 1849 but returned the next year on her first rescue trip to liberate her niece.
Tubman led more than a dozen groups escaping to the North by 1860, and historians estimate more than 70 enslaved people found freedom following Tubman along the Underground Railroad. During the Civil War, Tubman served the Union Army as a scout, spy, and nurse. In her later years and until her death in 1913, Tubman resided in Auburn, N.Y., where she opened a home to care for the needy and elderly.
“It’s always interesting as a historian when people don’t know about historical figures because we teach about these people all the time, and so we just hope that our students listen in class and have some takeaway,” said Tamara Brown, a history professor and director of women’s studies at Bowie State University.
Catherine Clinton, author of the widely praised 2004 biography, “Harriet Tubman: The Road to Freedom,” said Tubman’s story “has been left for too many years on the children’s shelf.”
“Do we not understand the Underground Railroad and the battle of slavery changed this country and made it a beacon for people coming to the U.S. for freedom and democracy?” Clinton asked. “I also want her to be a blood and flesh person, not a bronze statue.
“I’d rather have people understand the dilemmas that she faced, especially returning to Maryland, her home, again and again to liberate family members [and] to rescue others from dire situations.”
A student-led grassroots movement is seeking to ensure such stories are told. The movement, #DiversifyOurNarrative, encourages schools to incorporate more diverse and anti-racist material in the classroom. Since June 2020, the organization has become involved with more than 800 school districts across the country.
Federal efforts to honor Tubman’s accomplishments as a slave-liberator and humanitarian include a push in recent years to put her portrait on the $20 bill. In 2016, President Barack Obama’s administration proposed replacing the image of Andrew Jackson, a president who owned slaves and enacted legislation that was harmful to indigenous people, with that of Harriet Tubman.
The revamped currency is scheduled to be released in 2030, according to the U.S. Treasury Department.
Hogan urged Marylanders to dedicate some of their time to visiting the historical sites tied to Tubman’s past, such as the Harriet Tubman Underground Railroad State Park and Visitor Center in Church Creek.
“It is truly inspiring to think about how we can all walk along the same path as she did where she forged her indelible legacy of freedom, but the celebration of her life should not end this week or this month,” Hogan said during a press conference that coincided with the 200th anniversary of Tubman’s birth in Dorchester County.
Dana Paterra, manager of the visitor center and state park, said the facility — now in its fifth year — received more attention from the media and tourists after Hogan’s commencement of the year of Tubman. According to Paterra, more than 1,500 people came to the visitor center the weekend of Hogan’s announcement despite rainy weather and icy roads.
“The message that she leaves behind, her values of faith, family, community, and freedom still resonate with people today, and what we want, especially young people, to leave with is that they can make a difference and they can be a powerful source for social justice,” Paterra said.
There is still work to be done, according to Ernestine Wyatt, a great-great-great grandniece of Tubman. While she was grateful for Hogan’s effort, Wyatt hopes the renewed attention for Tubman does not end after 2022.
Wyatt has been a vocal advocate for Harriet Tubman Day and continues to fight for an earlier release of the updated $20 bill with Tubman on it. She recently rang the first of 200 bell tolls honoring Tubman and women veterans during the National Bell Festival at Arlington National Cemetery on New Year’s Day.
“How can I extend this, her relevancy, to be able to help other people to do what she did beyond 2022?” Wyatt said. “I want her to have every year about Harriet and her values, her approach to life, because she was very successful in helping other people and doing things for this country.”
Editor’s note: Ernestine Wyatt expressed hope that “the renewed attention for Tubman does not end” after the 200th birthday celebration. In at least one way, attention continues because of a new statue now in front of the Dorchester County courthouse. This sculpture by Wesley Wofford, titled “Beacon of Hope,” was installed in September 2022. It shows Tubman on a mountain top holding up the North Star to guide others to freedom. Next to the base of the statue, a younger Harriet looks up at her future self. On the base itself are opened and cast-off shackles.
Two years ago, at the Day of Resilience 2020 celebration, another Wofford statue had come to the Dorchester courthouse lawn. This earlier statue, “Journey to Freedom,” motivated Cambridge citizens to work for their own permanent Tubman statue. Students from Mace’s Lane Middle School put together a book, “Discovering Harriet,” and sold it to raise money for the statue. Eastern Shore residents may well wish to recognize Black History Month by visiting Tubman country and the newest statue. ~JB
Capital News Service is a student-powered news organization run by the University of Maryland Philip Merrill College of Journalism. For 26 years, they have provided deeply reported, award-winning coverage of issues of import to Marylanders.
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Title image: Sunset at Eastern Neck National Wildlife Refuge, Kent Co. Photo: Jan Plotczyk
